Did you know that gastric cancer remains one of the top cancers globally and poses a significant health concern across Asia, including Singapore? Often referred to as the "silent killer," gastric cancer tends to develop slowly and can progress unnoticed, with minimal symptoms until it reaches advanced stages. This makes it one of the more challenging cancers to detect without proactive measures.
Fortunately, gastric cancer screening provides a powerful tool for early detection, allowing for timely intervention before the disease becomes life-threatening. Screening can identify precancerous changes or early-stage cancers when treatment is most effective, significantly improving survival rates. By addressing risk factors like H. pylori infection or persistent stomach pain, individuals can take charge of their health and reduce their cancer risk.
In this blog, we delve into the critical role of gastric cancer screening, explore diagnostic methods like endoscopy, and highlight how early action can lead to better outcomes and peace of mind. Taking this small step could make a big difference for your health and future.
Understanding Gastric Cancer: What Puts You at Risk?
Gastric cancer, also known as stomach cancer, begins in the lining of the stomach and typically develops slowly over years. It often arises from precancerous conditions, making early detection crucial. Several key risk factors can elevate the likelihood of developing this condition:
H. pylori Infection
This common bacterial infection can cause chronic inflammation, ulcers, and significant damage to the stomach lining, all of which increase cancer risk.
Family History
Individuals with a family history of gastric cancer are more likely to inherit genetic mutations that predispose them to the disease.
Lifestyle Factors
High consumption of salty, smoked, or processed foods raises the risk. Smoking and excessive alcohol intake further damage the stomach lining, compounding the likelihood of cancer development.
In addition, conditions like chronic gastritis, obesity, and certain dietary deficiencies may also contribute to increased risk. For individuals with these risk factors, regular cancer screening through methods like endoscopy is vital. Early detection can help identify and treat precancerous changes before they progress, significantly improving outcomes and saving lives.
Why Gastric Cancer Screening Matters
Gastric cancer screening plays a vital role in the early detection and prevention of this often silent yet deadly disease. For individuals at higher risk, including those with a family history of gastric cancer or H. pylori infection, screening can truly be a game-changer.
Here’s why:
Detecting Precancerous Conditions
Screening identifies early changes in the stomach lining, such as atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, which are precursors to gastric cancer. By spotting these changes early, doctors can recommend preventive measures like eradicating H. pylori or monitoring through regular follow-ups, reducing the likelihood of progression to cancer.
Catching Cancer Early
When detected at an early stage, gastric cancer is far more treatable, with survival rates exceeding 90% over five years. Early-stage cancer treatments are also less invasive, allowing for quicker recovery and improved quality of life.
Providing Peace of Min
Symptoms such as persistent stomach pain or unexplained weight loss can be worrisome. Screening not only helps rule out severe conditions but also provides a clear understanding of one’s health, reducing anxiety and empowering individuals to take control of their well-being.
Regular screening, particularly for high-risk individuals, is a simple yet effective step toward better health and peace of mind.
The Role of Endoscopy in Gastric Cancer Screening
An endoscopy is a minimally invasive and highly effective procedure for detecting gastric cancer and its precursors. It allows doctors to closely examine the stomach lining, identify abnormalities, and take action before conditions worsen.
Here’s what to expect:
Preparation
To ensure clear visibility during the procedure, you’ll need to fast for at least 6 to 8 hours beforehand. Your doctor will provide detailed instructions, including any medications to avoid prior to the endoscopy.
During the Procedure
You will be given a sedative to help you relax and remain comfortable. The doctor will insert a thin, flexible tube equipped with a small camera (endoscope) through your mouth and into the stomach. This process typically takes 15 to 30 minutes. The camera provides a detailed view of the stomach lining, allowing for the detection of abnormalities like inflammation, ulcers, or early signs of cancer.
Biopsy and Results
If suspicious areas are found, the doctor may take small tissue samples (biopsy) for further analysis. These samples help confirm or rule out the presence of cancer or precancerous changes.
Endoscopy is safe, quick, and widely available in Singapore, making it an essential tool for cancer prevention. It’s particularly recommended for individuals at higher risk, such as those with H. pylori infection or a family history of gastric cancer. This proactive approach can save lives through early intervention and treatment.
Recognising Symptoms That Warrant Screening
Gastric cancer often develops silently, with symptoms appearing only in advanced stages. However, there are key warning signs that should prompt immediate medical attention, even in their early or mild forms:
Persistent Stomach Pain or Discomfort
Continuous or recurring pain in the upper abdomen may signal inflammation, ulcers, or early-stage gastric cancer. Persistent symptoms should never be ignored.
Unexplained Weight Loss or Loss of Appetite
Losing weight without changes to your diet or physical activity could indicate an underlying issue, such as cancer. A noticeable reduction in appetite may also accompany these changes.
Chronic Nausea or Vomiting (Especially with Blood)
Frequent nausea or vomiting could point to a stomach abnormality. Vomiting blood, whether bright red or resembling coffee grounds, is a critical sign that demands urgent medical evaluation.
Difficulty Swallowing or Feeling Full Quickly
Struggling to swallow food or feeling unusually full after eating small meals can indicate structural changes in the stomach or surrounding areas, possibly caused by a tumour.
If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s essential to consult a gastroenterologist immediately. Early intervention, often through screening methods like endoscopy, can detect abnormalities before they progress into serious conditions. Timely diagnosis significantly improves treatment outcomes and ensures better management of gastric health. Don’t wait—proactive care can save lives.
Lifestyle Changes to Lower Gastric Cancer Risk
While gastric cancer screening is crucial for early detection, adopting a healthy lifestyle can further reduce your risk and promote overall well-being. Here’s how small, consistent changes can make a big difference:
Maintain a Balanced Diet
Fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are rich in antioxidants, fibre, and essential nutrients that protect the stomach lining. Limit high-salt foods, processed meats, and smoked dishes. Incorporate local favourites like steamed vegetables or brown rice to create nutrient-rich meals.
Avoid Smoking and Excess Alcohol Consumption
Smoking introduces harmful chemicals to your body, damaging the stomach lining. Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to chronic irritation and inflammation of the stomach. Quitting smoking and moderating alcohol intake are impactful steps toward better health.
Treat H. pylori Infection Promptly
Regular screening and prompt treatment with antibiotics can significantly reduce your cancer risk.
Stay Physically Active
Regular exercise helps maintain a healthy weight, reduces inflammation, and supports a strong immune system. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise weekly.
Manage Stress
Chronic stress can exacerbate stomach issues like gastritis. Engage in relaxation techniques such as yoga or mindfulness to support gastric health.
By making these lifestyle adjustments, you can lower your risk of gastric cancer while improving your overall quality of life. Prevention starts with the choices you make every day.
Taking Charge of Your Health
Gastric cancer is a serious condition, but it’s preventable and treatable when caught early. Regular gastric cancer screening is a small yet significant step that can make a big difference. For individuals with risk factors like a family history of gastric cancer or H. pylori infection, or those experiencing symptoms such as persistent stomach pain or unexplained weight loss, early intervention is key. Screening methods like endoscopy allow doctors to detect precancerous changes or early-stage cancer, offering the best chance for effective treatment and recovery.
Prevention Begins with You
Gastric cancer doesn’t have to be a silent threat. Regular cancer screening, informed lifestyle choices, and timely intervention can make a world of difference. Take that small step today to secure a healthier tomorrow.
Empower yourself with the knowledge and care you deserve at Richmond Gastroenterology Centre.