Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and in Singapore, it ranks as one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. The good news is that colon cancer is highly preventable and treatable when detected early. Regular colon cancer screening is a critical tool in reducing the risk of advanced disease and improving outcomes. In this blog, we will explore the importance of regular colon cancer screening, who should be screened, and the available screening methods.
Understanding Colon Cancer
Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, originates in the colon or rectum, which are parts of the large intestine. It often begins as benign polyps, which can develop into cancer over time if not detected and removed. Early-stage colon cancer may not present noticeable symptoms, making regular screening essential for early detection.
Why Regular Colon Cancer Screening is Crucial
Early Detection Saves Lives
Colon cancer is highly treatable when caught in its early stages. Screening can detect precancerous polyps, allowing them to be removed before they turn into cancer. It can also identify cancer at an early stage when treatment is most effective. The earlier the cancer is detected, the better the chances of a full recovery.
Reduction of Cancer Mortality
Regular screening has been proven to reduce the mortality rate of colon cancer significantly. Studies have shown that screening can decrease the risk of dying from colon cancer by up to 68%. This is because cancers found early through screening are often smaller, less invasive, and easier to treat successfully.
Prevention of Colon Cancer
Screening not only detects cancer but also helps prevent it. By identifying and removing polyps before they become cancerous, screening effectively stops cancer from developing in the first place. This preventive measure is a key reason why regular screening is so important.
Improvement in Quality of Life
Detecting colon cancer early and preventing its progression not only saves lives but also preserves the quality of life. Early-stage treatment often involves less invasive procedures and a shorter recovery time, allowing individuals to maintain their daily activities and overall well-being.
Who Should Get Screened?
In Singapore, it is generally recommended that individuals begin regular colon cancer screening at the age of 50. However, those with higher risk factors may need to start screening earlier. Key risk factors include:
Family History: Individuals with a family history of colon cancer or polyps are at higher risk and may need to begin screening at an earlier age.
Personal History: Those who have had polyps or other forms of cancer should be vigilant about regular screening.
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Conditions like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis increase the risk of colon cancer, necessitating more frequent screening.
Lifestyle Factors: Obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and a diet high in red and processed meats can increase the risk of colon cancer.
Available Screening Methods
There are several effective screening methods available for detecting colon cancer:
Faecal Immunochemical Test (FIT)
The FIT is a simple, non-invasive test that checks for hidden blood in the stool, which can be an early sign of colon cancer. It is typically recommended to be done annually. If the test result is positive, further diagnostic procedures like a colonoscopy may be recommended.
Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is a more comprehensive screening method that allows a doctor to examine the entire colon and rectum using a flexible camera. It can detect polyps, which can be removed during the procedure, as well as any signs of cancer. A colonoscopy is generally recommended every 10 years, or more frequently if there are risk factors or previous findings.
Sigmoidoscopy
Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the rectum and the lower part of the colon. It is less comprehensive than a full colonoscopy but can still detect polyps and cancer in the lower colon. This test is recommended every 5 years, often in combination with the FIT.
CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy)
This method uses CT imaging to create a detailed view of the colon and rectum. It is less invasive than a traditional colonoscopy but still effective in detecting polyps and cancer. CT colonography is typically recommended every 5 years.
Overcoming the Barriers to Screening
Despite the clear benefits, some people may avoid screening due to fear, embarrassment, or a lack of understanding. It’s important to address these concerns:
Fear of Discomfort: Many people worry about the discomfort associated with screening, particularly colonoscopy. However, the procedure is generally well-tolerated, and sedation is often used to ensure comfort.
Embarrassment: Discussing and undergoing screening for a sensitive area like the colon can be uncomfortable, but healthcare providers are trained to handle these situations professionally and with discretion.
Cost Concerns: In Singapore, colon cancer screening is supported by national health programs, and subsidies are available for eligible individuals. It's essential to check with your healthcare provider about the available financial support.
Conclusion
Regular colon cancer screening is a powerful tool in the fight against cancer. By detecting cancer early or preventing it altogether through the removal of polyps, screening can save lives and improve quality of life. If you are over 50 or have risk factors for colon cancer, talk to your healthcare provider about the appropriate screening schedule for you. Remember, early detection is key to successful treatment and long-term health.