rritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects the large intestine, causing symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, gas, diarrhea, and constipation. It is not associated with any visible signs of damage or inflammation in the digestive tract, but it results from how the brain and gut interact, which affects how the intestines function.
Symptoms of IBS
Constipation and/or diarrhea: Some patients may experience alternating patterns.
Abdominal cramps: Often relieved by bowel movements.
Bloating and excess gas.
Mucus in stool: A common occurrence.
Food-related triggers: Certain foods (e.g., those high in FODMAPs) can worsen symptoms.
Stress and Psychological Impact
IBS is closely linked to psychological factors like stress, anxiety, and depression, which can exacerbate symptoms through the brain-gut connection. Effective stress management and addressing mental health are crucial in treating IBS.
Role of Gut Microbiota
An imbalance in the gut bacteria (dysbiosis) can contribute to IBS symptoms. Probiotics and prebiotics are often used to restore this balance and improve symptoms.
Treatment Options
Lifestyle changes: Stress management, regular exercise, and adequate sleep are essential for managing IBS.
Diet: A low-FODMAP diet, avoiding trigger foods, and adding fiber can help.
Medications:
For constipation: Linaclotide or mild laxatives.
For diarrhea: Rifaximin or loperamide.
For pain and cramps: Antispasmodics like mebeverine or peppermint oil capsules.
Antidepressants may be used to relieve pain and improve bowel function.
Comprehensive Approach
IBS requires a holistic approach that combines dietary changes, mental health support, and medical treatments. Regular follow-up with healthcare providers ensures that treatments remain effective and individualised to the patient's needs.