Screening and early detection
Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in Singapore and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, it is also one of the most preventable and treatable cancers when detected early. With timely cancer screening, lifestyle modifications, and awareness of early warning signs, individuals can significantly reduce their risk. In this guide, we explore actionable strategies to help you safeguard your digestive health.
Understanding Colon Cancer: A Local Perspective
Colon cancer, medically referred to as colorectal cancer, affects the colon (large intestine) and the rectum, the passageway connecting the colon to the anus. In Singapore, this is a significant public health concern, with over 1,865 new cases diagnosed annually, making it the leading cause of cancer-related deaths.
Most colorectal cancers begin as non-cancerous growths, known as polyps, on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. These polyps often develop into cancer over time if left untreated. Fortunately, through early detection via a colonoscopy, these polyps can be identified and removed before they progress into cancer.
As emphasised by the National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), screening saves lives. Timely detection and removal of precancerous polyps through colonoscopy can significantly reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer and improve survival outcomes.
The Importance of Colonoscopy for Early Detection
A colonoscopy is a procedure where a thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon for polyps, tumours, or other abnormalities. It is widely regarded as the gold standard for colon cancer detection and prevention.
Who Should Get a Colonoscopy?
Adults aged 50 and above, or earlier for those with a family history of colon cancer or polyps.
Individuals with symptoms such as rectal bleeding, unexplained weight loss, or persistent changes in bowel habits.
Those with a personal or family history of conditions like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.
What to Expect During a Colonoscopy
Before the Procedure: Preparation
Preparation is essential for a successful colonoscopy. A few days before the procedure, your doctor will provide specific instructions, which typically include:
Dietary Adjustments: Switch to a clear liquid diet 24 hours before the procedure. This includes water, clear broths, and certain juices.
Bowel Cleansing: Take a prescribed laxative to clear out your colon, ensuring clear visibility during the examination. While this step can be slightly uncomfortable, it’s crucial for accurate results.
During the Procedure: Comfort and Precision
Sedation: You’ll be given a sedative to ensure comfort and relaxation throughout the procedure. Most patients feel minimal or no discomfort.
Scope Insertion: A thin, flexible tube with a tiny camera (colonoscope) is gently inserted into your rectum. This device allows the doctor to examine the colon's lining for polyps, inflammation, or other abnormalities.
Polyp Removal: If polyps are found, they are usually removed during the procedure and sent for testing.
After the Procedure: Recovery
Post-procedure, you’ll rest briefly to allow the sedation to wear off. Mild bloating or gas may occur, but this resolves quickly. You’ll receive a summary of the findings and guidance on follow-up steps.
By understanding the process, you can approach your colonoscopy with confidence, knowing it is a vital step in protecting your health.
Lifestyle Habits That Lower Colon Cancer Risk
Embracing a healthy lifestyle plays a pivotal role in reducing colon cancer risk. Here are some science-backed habits to adopt:
Prioritise Fibre-Rich Foods
A diet high in dietary fibre supports healthy digestion and reduces the likelihood of developing colon polyps.
Foods to include: Whole grains (brown rice, oatmeal), vegetables (broccoli, carrots, leafy greens), and fruits (apples, oranges, berries).
Stay Hydrated
Drinking adequate water ensures smoother bowel movements, reducing strain and promoting colon health. Aim for 8-10 glasses daily.
Engage in Regular Exercise
Physical activity prevents obesity and lowers inflammation and insulin resistance, both of which are linked to cancer. Simple activities like brisk walking or yoga for 30 minutes a day can have a significant impact.
Limit Processed and Red Meat Consumption
Replace red and processed meats with lean proteins like chicken or fish, or plant-based options like lentils and tofu.
Avoid Tobacco and Excessive Alcohol
Smoking introduces carcinogens, while heavy drinking damages the colon lining. Quitting these habits can significantly improve overall health.
Maintain a Healthy Weight
Balance caloric intake with physical activity to maintain a healthy BMI.
Recognising Early Signs of Colon Cancer
Recognising the early symptoms of colon cancer is crucial for timely diagnosis and intervention. Colon cancer often begins as non-cancerous polyps, which may not initially cause noticeable symptoms. However, as the condition progresses, specific warning signs may appear:
Rectal Bleeding or Blood in Stool: Bright red or dark blood in your stool.
Changes in Bowel Habits: Persistent alterations in stool consistency, such as prolonged diarrhoea, constipation, or narrower-than-usual stools.
Abdominal Pain, Bloating, or Cramps: Persistent discomfort, especially when accompanied by other symptoms.
Unexplained Fatigue or Weakness: May occur due to anaemia caused by slow internal bleeding.
Unintentional Weight Loss: Losing weight without changes to diet or exercise routines.
When to Seek Medical Advice
If these symptoms persist for more than two weeks, seek immediate medical consultation. Cancer screening, such as a colonoscopy, can help identify or rule out colon cancer.
Why Early Detection Saves Lives
Improved Treatment Outcomes: Early-stage colon cancer is often localised and easier to treat with fewer side effects.
Minimally Invasive Interventions: Detecting precancerous polyps or early-stage cancer allows for less invasive treatments.
Faster Recovery and Reduced Complications: Early-stage interventions often result in quicker recovery times and fewer complications.
Lower Treatment Costs: Treating early-stage colon cancer is generally less costly than managing advanced stages.
Taking the Next Steps Towards Colon Cancer Prevention
If you are aged 45 or older, have a family history of colon cancer or polyps, or are experiencing symptoms such as rectal bleeding or persistent changes in bowel habits, it is vital to take proactive measures. Regular cancer screening, particularly colonoscopy, is a cornerstone of prevention, allowing early detection and treatment before the condition progresses.
At Richmond Gastroenterology Centre, we provide comprehensive screening options, personalised care plans, and expert guidance to support your health journey. Whether you need advice on reducing risk factors or are ready to schedule your colonoscopy, our dedicated team is here to help you take charge of your digestive health. Don’t delay, prioritise prevention today for a healthier, worry-free tomorrow.
Prevention is Key
Colon cancer is preventable and treatable when addressed early. By prioritising regular screenings, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and being vigilant about symptoms, you can take proactive steps toward protecting your health. Remember, the choices you make today can lead to a healthier, cancer-free tomorrow.
Empower yourself with knowledge. Book a consultation with Richmond Gastroenterology Centre today to discuss your screening options.